Venturing into vanlife requires careful planning, especially concerning the essential systems that ensure comfort and functionality on the road. This document outlines the core systems every vanlifer needs to consider: electrical, water, and climate control.

Electrical System

A reliable electrical setup is the backbone of modern vanlife, powering everything from lights and charging ports to refrigerators and cooking appliances.

Key components include:

• Power Source: Solar panels, alternator charging, shore power connection, or a combination of these.
• Battery Bank: Deep-cycle batteries (e.g., Lithium-ion, AGM, or Gel) to store energy.
• Inverter: Converts DC battery power to AC household power for standard electronics.
• Charge Controller: Regulates the power flowing from solar panels to the battery bank to prevent overcharging.
• Circuit Protection: Fuses and breakers to safeguard the system and appliances.

Component	Purpose	Notes
Solar Panels	Power generation	Output varies based on size and sun exposure
Battery Bank	Energy storage	Capacity measured in amp-hours (Ah)
Inverter	DC to AC conversion	Size according to maximum simultaneous load

Consult the Electrical System Wiring Diagram before installation.

Water System

Access to fresh water and a means to manage wastewater is critical for hygiene and daily living.

Fresh Water

This is typically stored in a large tank and used for drinking, cooking, and washing.

• Tank Location: Should be placed securely, often under the van or inside a cabinet.
• Pump: A 12V water pump is needed to pressurize the system and deliver water to the sink and shower.
• Filtration: A water filter is often installed to ensure potable water quality.

Grey Water

This is wastewater from the sink and shower. It must be collected and disposed of responsibly.

• Grey Water Tank: Must be sized appropriately to match or slightly exceed the fresh water capacity.
• Drainage: Requires a safe and legal disposal method, often at designated dump stations.

Climate Control

Maintaining a comfortable interior temperature, regardless of external weather conditions, is vital.

Heating

Necessary for cold climates and off-season travel.

• Diesel/Gasoline Heater: Taps into the van's main fuel tank and is highly efficient.
• Propane Heater: Requires a dedicated propane tank and proper ventilation.

Ventilation and Cooling

Essential for airflow, moisture control, and cooling in warm weather.

• Roof Fan (Maxxair or similar): The most common and important ventilation solution for drawing air in and out.
• Windows: Strategically placed to allow for cross-breeze.
• Air Conditioner: Typically an AC unit running off the inverter or shore power, used in extreme heat.